April 25, 2011 Mon April 25th, 2011 |
Quiz: Why was Queen Elizabeth II’s father King George VI called Bertie?
Yesterday’s Quiz answered below: What do these men have in common? Anton Chekov, Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, Che Guevara, Oliver Wendell Holmes.
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History for 4/25/2011
Birthdays: Roman emperor Otho -32ad, English King Edward II-1284, Oliver Cromwell-1599, Guiseppi Marconi, Edward R. Murrow, Ella Fitzgerald, Al Pacino is 68, Meadowlark Lemon, Talia Shire, Paul Mazursky, Hank Azaria, Rene Zellwellger is 40
TODAY is the feast of the Roman god ROBIGUS, god of Rust and Mildew.
It is also the part of the Festival of Venus for the male prostitutes of Rome to celebrate.
404BC- ATHENS SURRENDERED TO SPARTA- After the victory of Aegespotamoi, Spartan General Lysander had the Long Walls of Athens torn down to the sound of flutes. It ended the Peloponnesian War and the Athenian dominance of Greece. Lysander had delayed the surrender at one point to allow for the funeral procession of old Sophocles the playwright to move between the lines.
Spartan domination of Greece was short lived. They were defeated by a coalition led by Epaminondas of Thebes and in 323 Macedonian armies led by Alexander the Great’s father Phillip crushed all resistance to his uniting Greece under Macedonian rule.
799AD- Pope Leo III was attacked by a Roman mob. He was beaten up and he had to hide in a monastery until Frankish King Charlemagne came to rescue him.
It is also the FEAST OF ST. MARK- the evangelist whose mummy was smuggled by Venetian traders out of Moslem held Egypt in a case of pig fat in 981 A.D. Venetian clerics later made up a great story to justify the act. St. Mark was rowing a boat in the marshes where Venice would one day stand. Suddenly God appeared to him and said: "Pax Tibi Marce, Evangalista Meus- Tues Corpus Reposituam." "Peace be with you Mark, my Evangelist, here your bones will lay".(after the pig fat) You see this inscription on most Venetian stuff along with the saint’s symbol, a winged lion.. The Italians returned his bones to Egypt in the 1970’s. So the gold sarcophagus people file past in the Basilica of San Marco today is empty.
1185- Battle of Dan-no--mura. Epic Japanese sea battle when legendary warlord Minamoto Yuritomo defeated the Taira Clan.
1684- The Thimble invented!
1719- The Life and Strange Adventures of Robinson Crusoe by Daniel Defoe first published.
1792-THE NATIONAL RAZOR- Highwayman and murderer Nicholas Pelletier becomes the first man guillotined. Dr. Guillotine’s invention was considered a more humane way to kill a person than breaking on the wheel, which was the way of execution in France of lowborn malefactors. Ironically in the memoirs of the court executioner Charles Samson it is alleged that no less than King Louis XVI himself suggested the distinctive angled blade in place of a semicircular one. The King would discover for himself it’s killing power the following January. Contrary to myth Dr. Guillotine didn't die by his own device, he died in bed of old age. During World War Two the Nazis added their own personal touch, turning the victim on his back so he could watch the blade come down. The last man guillotined was in 1977.
1792- A captain from Arras named Roget du Lilse writes a patriotic song for his Marseille regiment . LA MARSEILLAISE is sung for the first time in Strasbourg. It became the French National Anthem and one of the most stirring revolutionary hymns ever sung. In 1986 French first lady Mrs. Francois Mitterand tried to get the more bloodthirsty parts of the song re-written but failed. Aux Armes Citoyens!
1850- Paul Julius de Reuter used 40 carrier pigeons to carry stock market prices between Paris and London. He went on to form Reuters, the first international news agency.
1865- Robert E. Lee’s surrender to Grant left Joe Johnston commanding the second largest army of Southern troops, still facing Sherman in North Carolina. After several meetings and confused negotiations this day Confederate President Jefferson Davis ordered General Johnston to resume fighting and fall back towards Texas. Johnston like Lee felt any further bloodshed was now pointless. He chose to ignore his President and accept Sherman’s surrender terms. Joe Johnston’s modern descendant Joe Johnston III is a Hollywood film director who made "Honey I Shrank the Kids" and Jumanji.
1886- The New York Times attacks the outcry among American union workers for an 8-hour workday (the norm then was 12) as: A Seditious, riotous notion that would collapse the American economy and lead to sloth, drunkenness and debauchery. It was probably the work of foreign extremists." The eight-hour day doesn’t become a norm in America until 1913 (in animation until 1941) and is still under attack today.
1898- THE US DECLARED WAR ON SPAIN America’s first war to announce itself a world power. Secretary of War John Hays (who was once Abe Lincoln's secretary) called it: "A splendid little War'. It was the first time men from all the states would come together since the Civil War. Eyewitnesses were amazed that all the old regional anger was gone
1901- New York State became the first to require automobiles to show license plates.
1915- ANZAC DAY- The Australian and New Zealand regiments fighting at Gallipoli rise from their trenches and charged headlong into the massed Turkish guns to achieve death and glory and not much else. The Peter Weir movie Gallipoli staring a young Mel Gibson dramatized the event.
1926- Giacomo Puccini's last opera Turnadot premiered in Milan. Puccini died before it's completion so students had to finish the work based on the masters notes. Conductor Arturo Toscanini put down his baton at the beginning of the Third Act, turned to the audience and said:" Here is where the Maestro died." He then left the podium and let another finish the performance.
1928- The German shepherd named Buddy became the first seeing-eye dog for the blind.
1945-U.S. Army advancing from Normandy and the Soviet Army advancing since Stalingrad finally meet each other at the Elbe River in Germany.
1945- An increasingly paranoid Hitler sent out orders from his bunker for the arrest of Herman Goering and Heinrich Himmler. Adolf thought his old buddies wanted to overthrow him. Both were under house arrest when the war ended.
1953- Watson & Crick announced the DNA Molecular Construction Theory and the world sees for the first time the twisted ladder model. Another researcher named Rosalind Franklin may have done all the real research and Watson & Crick just took the credit. The facts are still in dispute. This day, Watson went down to his local pub and told the barkeep:" Set up a round of lager, for I just discovered the Secret of Life!"
1956- Elvis Presley’s song Heartbreak Hotel goes to #1 in the pop charts.
1970- Policeman Frank Serpico’s story of rampant corruption in the NYPD explodes on the pages of the New York Times. The practices of decades of graft are exposed by the Knapp Commission and the police commissioner and several captains resign in disgrace.
Serpico’s story was made into a famous film starring Al Pacino.
1972- Witty, urbane actor George Sanders ( All About Eve, Samson & Delilah, Sher Khan in Jungle Book) had turned age 65. He complained he had been famous and rich and was not looking forward to old age and having a nurse wipe his bottom. So he committed suicide and left a witty, urbane note. "Dear World: I am leaving because I am bored. Adieu, I leave you with your worries in this sweet cesspool."
1981- Dixie, the oldest living mouse died at age 6 1/2.
1996-"Bring in Da Noise, Bring in Da Funk" opened on Broadway.
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Yesterdays Question: What do these men have in common? Anton Chekov, Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, Che Guevara, Oliver Wendell Holmes.
Answer: They were all once doctors.